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少人数のときにはみんながちゃんと働くのに、大勢になると手を抜く人が現れる「社会的手抜き」の研究が特に興味深かった。組織の力が人数に比例しな いのはなぜかということがよくわかる。

社会的手抜きが起きる条件は

・行為者にとって課題がつまらなく、重要でない。
・課題が簡単である(多くの努力や技術が必要とされない)
・各行為者がまったく同じ課題を行う
・一緒に課題を行う他者が見知らぬ人である
・自分以外の他者の作業能力が高いと期待される
・男性である
・西洋文化圏である

ということが研究の結果分かってきている。日本人は比較的手抜きをしないらしいのだが、うなずくところが多い。そうだよなあ。男ばかりのときには手 抜きが起きる、よね。数の力で勝負したい場合は女性だらけのチームを作るのがいいのかもしれないなあ。

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